In the generic role as a packet processor, a number of optimised features or functions are typically present in a network processor, these include:

* Pattern matching - the ability to find specific patterns of bits or bytes within packets in a packet stream.
* Key lookup for example, address lookup - the ability to quickly undertake a database lookup using a key (typically an address on a packet) to find a result, typically routing information.
* Computation
* Data bitfield manipulation - the ability to change certain data fields contained in the packet as it is being processed.
* Queue management - as packets are received, processed and scheduled to be send onwards, they are stored in queues.
* Control processing - the micro operations of processing a packet are controlled at a macro level which involves communication and orchestration with other nodes in a system.
* Recirculation is done for packets